@Kyle219:
Let me answer your post as both an Airbnb host and a landlord. I operate both types of rentals.
First, the insurance a landlord carries on a rental is not the same insurance that is required to cover short term rentals. STR insurance is usually more expensive; probably prohibitively expensive for an apartment complex.
Expenses increase when we allow extra guests into our homes. Water, electricity, etc. bills all go higher. If your apartment complex is providing any of these items they are looking at additional expense. You mention that you would be open to profit sharing, but splitting the costs on a one bedroom may not make it worth while for either of you.
Operating an STR is operating a business. City and state laws must be followed to include business licenses, occupacy limits, permits, etc. The paragraph your landlord sent actually reads (to me) that a former tenant opened an Airbnb and the apartment management was held liable by the municipality even though it was the tenant who was violating regulations. Thus the tenant was evicted.
Unfortunately you are fighting an uphill battle. To convince the landlord to allow your STR is to pay for the additional insurance costs, permits and licenses while complying with all laws and regulations. You will also somehow have to negate the headache for the landlord of, "He's doing it. Why can't I?" that they will hear from your neighbors.