@Ana-Cecilia4 If you don't mind me asking, what was the result of the attack? Was the neighbor's dog killed, or did it suffer an injury that incurred expensive vet bills? Is your neighbor actively pursuing compensation, or are you just looking to know your rights and responsibilities in case it happens?
Liability in this kind of situation can be very thorny, and I don't know what kind of result you'd get from a claim on the Host Protection liability insurance, but here's a link if you want to look through it: https://www.airbnb.com/d/host-protection-insurance
The Host Guarantee does not cover damage caused by pets, including the destruction of your fence, so you might not have a winning case if the guest refuses to accept responsibility. But you can always request compensation via the Resolutions tool.
If you're unable to resolve a dispute, the degree to which you can be held responsible might depend on the bylaws of your residential community. It could be pointed out that your listing forbids a few types of purebreed dogs but specifies no restriction against leaving dogs unattended in the backyard, so in some situations this might be interpreted as negligence on your part. It's my personal feeling that the guest is ethically responsible for what their pet was able to do, but my own opinions and American laws are two very different things.