This is a common ploy - a “preemptive strike review”. There are some unscrupulous guests that know beforehand that they are going to trash your place and not worry about it. They write a bad review about your place, because they know you will write a bad review about them.
Another ploy is when an unscrupulous guest specifically looks for hosts just starting out with very few reviews. This guest will book a place, have a good time trashing it, demand a refund, and then show the host the review that they will leave if the host doesn’t comply. Many hosts just starting out will bend to this, because a) they are just starting out and don’t think they can withstand a bad review when there aren’t a lot of other reviews to refute it, and b) they don’t realize that this is extortion and reviews such as this can be removed.
It’s a little late in this case, but if this happens again, call Airbnb immediately when a guest trashes your place, present the photos, and warn them that the review the guest may leave may be part of their ploy. Some hosts have had success with this. May not always work, but it’s worth a shot.
I’m very sorry this happened to you. The good news is that this type of guest is quite rare. Most guests are decent and ethical.