If you find guests have damages your property you take time stamped photos/videos of the damage and you should raise a claim through the Airbnb host guarantee in line with their process for doing so.
https://www.airbnb.co.uk/help/article/279
If you haven't found it already the Airbnb Help website has FAQs on most aspects of managing your STR business on Airbnb including how to make a claim under the guarantee. @Kaylee74
If they are small amounts such as broken glass or stained pillow you don't tend to claim - it's mainly for larger amounts.
Don't forget the guarantee is limited so you need your own home insurance for short term lets.