Check out the various cancelation policies available for your listing.
There is no policy that allows the scenario you describe. Be sure you are comfortable with your policy.
As @Mike-And-Jane0 states, it sounds like the guest booked with an issue such as no ID, or no payment method and Airbnb gave them 24 hours to rectify, and they didn't. I had something similar happen to me and I was not comfortable with it. My guest would have actually been able to check in within the window they gave.
In this scenario your calendar is blocked and if they don't respond to Airbnb, the reservation is canceled, you are not paid, and there's little chance you'll rebook.