In the US you need to show ID or not to vote, depending on your state. Some states have enacted this requirement. Others have not. The reason? There are a lot of people who may not have an ID. Maybe they are disabled or elderly and do not drive so they let their license lapse and never got it renewed, especially during COVID. Maybe they are poor and can't afford the fees to get an ID (they typically aren't free). Maybe they live in a remote location and its very difficult to get someone to take them to get a state ID or driver's license. Maybe they don't read well or at all and can't fill out the forms.
In many states you DO need to be registered to vote. You can pick a party to affiliate with or you can be independent. Once you register, you can go to a polling location in your district and provide them with identifiable information (if not an ID, you need to have the correct address and full name on the registration). When you go in you are tracked through the registration log and watched the entire time. Once you vote your name is deactivated and you can't vote again.
Most people really don't relish voting. Long lines and lots of hassle on a Tuesday. I personally don't know anyone who would make the effort to defraud with extra votes just because its generally not the most fun experience you can have, especially if you are worried about close contact with others.
