@Theodore34 Do not bother with the Air TOS. Review the ADA definitions to familiarize yourself with what is a Service Animal and what is NOT.
However, in response to your questions:
1. You can ask if you can provide dog bowls ...then you know it's a dog.
2. Service animals are highly trained and housebroken.
3. See the ADA definition.
4. Air considers ESAs to be equal to Service Animals, which is "insert rude word here".
5. You can request payment from the guest for damages. Air will not support that request.
Most guests who are bringing a TRUE service animal will gladly tell you about their dog. TRUE service animals are highly trained, are with their owner 24/7, i.e., NEVER left alone in the accommodation, are usually leashed, house-broken, and do not bark unless it is a trained response. You do not interact with a person's service animal unless invited.
In my 20 years of hosting, I have perhaps hosted 5 TRUE service dogs. The rest of the "service dogs" have been fluffy "Fifi" types whose owners have purchased cute little vests and fake papers for them online. They were just trying to avoid the Pet Fee which I pay to housekeeping to clean up Fifi's dog poo and treat the cabin for fleas, ticks, etc. because who knows if Fifi goes to the vet.