It looks like you didn't go through the claim procedure according to what Airbnb asks. If you read the host guarantee instructions, Airbnb specifically said you need to submit the claim and evidence "within 14 days from the guest’s checkout, or before the next guest checks in, whichever is earlier". If you have guest checking in on the same day, what you need to do is to submit a request for money from the reservation before the next guest's check in time, with the photo you took. For the price, just put a number and choose "I'm guessing". Then the guest has 72 hours to respond and you have the time to assess the cost, then you can do adjustment on the price accordingly.
The host guarantee terms are quite weird, but I have went through the process several times with no issue at all. I have heard a lot of people being frustrated that Airbnb is not paying for their damage, but all due to them not following the procedure precisely. The Airbnb host guarantee is quite picky on this I have to say.