You can request this information and a guest MUST comply if you have a House Rule that mandates provision of this information. However, you must be extremely diligent in applying it. Many guests will not bother reading the House Rules and when they do, will be unwilling to supply the information. In these cases you must be prepared to cancel the guest and take up the fight with Airbnb to ensure that the cancellation attracts no penalty.
I know this works. I do it and I've had a few instances where the guest's booking has been cancelled without penalty because of refusal to comply.