@Xiu30 It is a risk when people book just before they want to arrive. In your case you got lucky as Airbnb seem to have noticed there was a problem and cancelled before the stay. If the credit card was stolen and Airbnb had only found out later then you would have had a guest stay and then not received any money.
In reality you have not lost out except in having your listing blocked for a day or so until the stay was cancelled.