I am having a similar problem. I am able to read airbnb emails from my email apps on an android phone. But 95% of the airbnb emails do not display correctly. Happens both using Chrome and IE to access my mail provider's website. Get message in email "view images stripped". When this happens, system gives choice to "view images". Selecting this option often displays email correctly, But Airbnb email do not display. The HTML is present but there is something else going on to prevent Airbnb email to correctly (Windows 10 problem?). Have read where this happens to people using Safari (IOS) etc too.