You can join an online background check site and using the guest's name and city of residence you can do a basic background check for a small fee. If they don't show up on the search using that information then you would have to tell them that they need to give you their legal name and actual city of residence (since their profile on Airbnb may be incorrect) or possibly more detailed information.
There may be laws about how you can use information from a background check in regard to housing but I don't know about that. You would have to check on that.